核翼比法进行表面粗糙度的标定及测量

介绍了一种表面粗糙度标定及测量的新方法。通过标定一组标准样块的核翼比，可以实现该标定范围内待检样块的粗糙度测量，该方法稳定可靠，试验装置简单，数据处理方便，为表面粗糙度的非接触测量提供了较好的方案。     

嫦娥四号动力下降段图像可视化传输方案

针对嫦娥四号降落相机在动力下降段的图像可视化传输需求和深空通信下行数传信道带宽受限的矛盾，文章提出了一种动力下降段速率自适应的可视化图像传输方案，对如何保证降落相机图像下传的实时性、完整性、速率自适应性等关键问题进行了讨论，并对方案中涉及的抽帧回放算法、帧格式识别方法、合路调度算法等关键技术进行了详细说明。同时，文中给出了该方案在嫦娥四号在轨的验证情况，结果表明，在数传通信速率受限的情况下该方案实现了降落相机图像的存储管理和可视化下传，具有实时性高、速率自适应、图像下传完整等特点，可以为其他航天器数据管理系统设计提供参考。     

行星着陆大气进入段自适应滑模抗扰控制方法

针对行星探测器着陆过程可能存在的干扰影响着陆精度问题，提出了一种抗干扰控制方法。首先建立行星探测器着陆控制模型，利用非线性干扰观测器实现对系统外部干扰的估计；在此基础上提出一种自适应滑模控制律，使得系统状态快速收敛到平衡点附近。最后，将该方法应用于火星着陆场景进行仿真。结果表明，提出的自适应滑模控制方法能够在未知扰动存在的情况下，有效实现行星探测器安全着陆，提高着陆任务的成功率。     

飞机锁类机构性能退化可靠性分析方法综述

随着航空航天装备的快速发展,对飞行器装备的可靠性要求逐渐提高,飞机锁类机构的可靠性对飞机起降的安全至关重要。以飞机舱门锁机构为研究对象,首先通过文献调研了大量舱门锁机构并分析了锁机构的特点和失效模式,阐述了锁机构的工作原理。其次综述了锁机构失效机理建模、机构渐变损伤的研究现状以及目前存在的问题,分析了国内外有关锁机构可靠性的研究现状;并针对多连杆机构可靠性分析和锁机构可靠性分析进行了分类梳理。最后对锁机构的可靠性分析研究思路进行总结,并对目前复杂锁机构的可靠性分析存在的问题及其研究趋势进行了展望。     

月面冯·卡门撞击坑的着陆选址和科学探测目标浅析

冯·卡门（Von Kármán）撞击坑位于月球背面南极—艾肯（South Pole-Aitken,SPA）盆地中部,是中国“嫦娥4号”计划的优先级较高的探测目标。对该撞击坑的着陆和探测,有助于揭示月球形成和演化的一些关键问题,在月球科学研究中具有重大的意义。论文概要总结了冯·卡门撞击坑的研究意义和科学价值;结合LRO卫星LOLA数据、Clementine UV-VIS数据、GRAIL数据、“嫦娥2号”卫星CELMS等数据,简要分析了冯·卡门撞击坑的地形、成分、深部结构和亮?%rater are analyzed with LRO satellite LOLA data,Clementine UV-VIS data,GRAIL data,and Chang''E-2 CELMS data and their scientific meanings are also presented. Finally,combined with our results and the previous prospects about theVon Kármán crater,three candidate landing sites and the possible scientific discoveries are proposed.     

简谐激励下大型低温贮箱防晃设计

针对某大型低温贮箱,基于水平环形防晃板和竖直防晃板设计了一种布置于整个贮箱的固定结构防晃板,采用CFD软件Flow-3D数值模拟了一定简谐激励下,不同充注率时该防晃板的防晃效果.通过与液面水平环形防晃板对比发现:两种结构防晃效果相近,均可以显著抑制不同充注率下液体的质量中心波动范围.当充注率为50%时,两防晃结构甚至可以使波动范围减小64%;在晃动过程中,相比于液面水平环形防晃板,固定结构防晃板中单层水平环形防晃板的受力更小,但是贮箱受到的压力会有所增加;对比相同面积液面水平环形防晃板和竖直防晃板的防晃效果,液面水平环形防晃板优势更加明显;随着充注率的增大,液体在贮箱内晃动时液体的质量中心波动范围逐渐减小.      

On the observability of Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements

A thorough observability analysis of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements from ground based beacons is performed. This analysis involves the evaluation of the Fisher information matrix which is derived from the maximum likelihood estimation. A series of navigation cases with multiple beacons are investigated, and both range and range-rate measurements are considered. The determinant of Fisher information matrix is used to quantify the observability of navigation system, while the trace of Fisher information matrix is used to determine the lower-bound of estimation errors. For one and two beacon cases, the navigation system is unobservable. However, the eigenvectors of Fisher information matrix give the observable and unobservable component. When three or more beacon measurements are employed, the states of entry vehicle become observable. Some valuable analytic conclusions on the relationship between the geometric configuration of beacons and observability are obtained consequently. Finally, simulation results from two navigation examples indicate that our effort is useful for understanding and assessing the observability of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements.     

An innovative navigation scheme of powered descent phase for Mars pinpoint landing

Pinpoint landing (within 100 m from the target) is essential for future Mars exploration missions. This paper deals with one aspect of the pinpoint landing architecture—the navigation performance improvement during the powered descent phase, and proposes an innovative navigation scheme to obtain the vehicle complete and accurate states. On the basis of dead reckoning relying on the Inertial Measurement Unit, measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar are adopted to correct the vehicle velocity and altitude. Distance between the vehicle and one Mars Orbiter as well as their line-of-sight relative velocity is measured by a radio sensor, and integrated in the filter to correct the vehicle horizontal position. The innovative navigation system is based on an Extend Kalman Filter. Two observation schemes are developed. One considers measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar and radio range measurement. Another further considers radio velocity measurement. The performance of the innovative navigation scheme is greatly influenced by the position of the Mars Orbiter with respect to the target. Stochastic analyses are performed to obtain optimal locations of Mars Orbiter. Finally, the innovative navigation scheme performances are assessed through stochastic simulations. Its performance improvements are demonstrated by comparison with the Integrated Doppler Radar only navigation scheme.     

行星着陆探测中的动力学与控制研究进展

着陆探测是获取行星特性和科学数据最直接、最有效的途径,也是目前技术难度最大、最为复杂的探测方式。在行星着陆探测过程中,动力学与控制是影响任务成败的关键因素之一。文章首先分析了行星着陆探测动力学与控制研究所面临的挑战与难题;然后,针对火星和小行星的着陆探测,重点分析了火星着陆进入段和下降段所涉及的动力学与控制,小行星附着探测动力学建模与制导控制的研究现状与关键问题;最后,提出了我国在行星着陆探测动力学与控制领域的未来重点发展方向。     

一种新的灰色决策模型及其数值仿真(英文)

针对一类权重完全未知且属性值为区间灰数的多指标灰色决策问题,根据灰色理论思想,提出了一种灰色多阶段决策方法。首先给出了一种基于可能度的灰数大小比较方法,然后利用灰色关联分析法对多位专家关于权重的评分结果进行计算得到各指标权重,进而分阶段对指标值以区间灰数的形式进行评分,根据灰色系统新信息优先原理给出了各个阶段评价值的赋权公式。实例验证了该决策方法的可行性。研究结果为求解灰色决策问题提供了一种新思路。